Production of Interleukin-5, Interleukin-13 and Interferon-gamma in Peripheral Blood CD8+T Cells from Children with Wheezing / 소아알레르기및호흡기학회지

PURPOSE: Our objective was to investigate the role of CD8+T cells in pathogenesis of wheezing in children with atopic nature. METHODS: Twelve atopic wheezers, 8 nonatopic wheezers, 8 disease controls and 8 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We isolated CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood samples, incubated them for 72 hours either in the absence or presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and compared the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13, and interferon (IFN)-gamma in the cell culture supernatants. RESULTS: In the atopic wheezer group, the IL-5 concentration was significantly higher after PHA stimulation than after non-stimulated incubation. This difference was not observed in the nonatopic wheezer, disease control and healthy control groups. IL-13 was undetectable in all of the cell culture supernatants. There was no significant difference in the IFN-gamma concentration between the PHA-stimulated and non-stimulated conditions in all 4 groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that CD8+ T cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of wheezing in children with atopic nature through the production of IL-5.

Changes of cytokine mRNA expression and IgG responses in rats infected with Capillaria hepatica

The mRNA expression of several cytokines was evaluated in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells of rats infected with Capillaria hepatica by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR until week 12 after infection. IgG1 and IgG2a, which are associated with Th1 and Th2 response, respectively, were also assessed by ELISA. The results indicated that the majority of cytokines, including the Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) and Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10) were expressed at maximal levels during the early stage of infection (after week 1-2), and the ELISA data also evidenced a similar pattern of changes in IgG1 and IgG2a. Th1 and Th2 cytokines responded in a similar fashion in this rat model. The expression of cytokines in splenocytes was significantly higher than that in MLN cells, thereby indicating that cytokine production is controlled more by spleen than by MLN. In addition, the observation that IFN-gamma expression increased unexpectedly at the time of maximal egg production (6 weeks after infection) indicated that IFN-gamma is a cytokine reacting against egg production. However, increased IL-5 expression occurring in tandem with worm activity indicated that the activity of C. hepatica might be controlled by IL-5 expression.

Toxocariasis: An Unusual Cause of Cerebral Infarction

Human toxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati larvae. Human infection is usually an outcome of accidental ingestion of the embryonated eggs, and the involvement of central nervous system is rare. We report a case of cerebral infarction which was caused by toxocariasis in adult, who had headache, abdominal pain and right side weakness. He had only a history of ingestion of raw liver of deer.

PCR-RFLP patterns of four isolates of Trichinella for rDNA ITS1 region

We have studied the genetic differences among four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of Trichinella spiralis (ISS 623) recently found from a human case who took a badger in Korea. Because they have a different host origin and came from geographically separated regions, we supposed the genetic pattern of the isolates might be different as had been previously reported. It was analysed by PCR-RFLP analysis of the rDNA repeat that can readily distinguish a species or strain from others. Isolated genomic DNA of each isolate of Trichinella larvae was amplified with ITS1 specific primers and digested with restriction endonucleases. The PCR product of ITS1 was confirmed using Southern blot analysis to be a 910 bp fragment. The restriction fragments of each isolate had variable patterns when it was digested with Rsa 1 only. According to the RFLP patterns, the estimated genetic divergence between each isolate was different. In conclusion, four isolates of Trichinella including a new strain of T. spiralis obtained from a Korean patient may have genetic differences in the ITS1 region and the Shanghai isolate was genetically more similar to the Japanese unknown isolate than others in the ITS1 region.

A Case of Serologically Confirmed Ocular Toxocariasis with Peripheral Granuloma in a 34-year Old Woman

No Abstract Available.

Clinical Study of Anesthesia for Ceasarean Section / 대한마취과학회지

Total 220 cases of general and spinal anesthesia for cesarean section were performed in dept. of anesthesiology, Ewha Womans University Hospital from January to September 1977. The followings are results of the clinical observations on 220 case: 1) Indications for cesarean section were, in oder of frequency; C.P.D. (35%), malpresentation(15%), previous cesarean section(17.3%), fetal distress(9%), toxemia(4.1%) and abnormal placenta(3.6%). Of the total 220 cases, 30%(66 cases) had general anesthesia and 70%(154 cases) spinal anesthesia. 2) Blood pressure change during general anesthesia revealed a mild rising tendency while a slight dropping tendency was observed in spinal anesthesia. 3) Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were within normal range in majority except in abruptio placenta and placenta previa cases where low hemoglobin and hematocrit were observed. 4) The value of Apgar score was not significantly different between two groups of different anesthetic technique, general and spinal. 5) The interval time of induction to delivery was within 10 minutes in general anesthesia while over 15 minutes in spinal anesthesia. 6) During the operation, the amount of blood loss was less in non-halothane group of general anesthesia compared to halothane group. Among spinal anesthesia cases, the group of repeated cesarean section had more blood loss than primary casarean section group. 7) The consistency and quality of uterine contraction after delivery was not significantly different among general as well as spinal anesthesia groups. 8) The majority of the cases received 15 to 20 IU of pitocin for the postpartum uterine contraction during the period of the current study. 9) Of the total cases, 10.5%(23 cases) received whole blood transfusion during the operation. 10) The intravenous administration of 10 mg valium to the patients who got spinal anesthesia caused antegrade amnesia in 18. 8% (29 cases) of the patients.

Clinical Study of Anesthesia for Operation of Congenital Anomalies in Neonates / 대한마취과학회지

Total 65 cases of general anesthesia for operation of congenital anornalies in neonates were performed in Dept. of Anesthesiology, Ewha Womans University Hospital from. January, 1970 to March, 1980. The followings are results of the clinical observations on 65 cases; l) In age and sex distribution of 65 cases, 50 cases(77%) were male and 15 cases(23%) female and the ratio of male to female was 3.3: 1. The 65 cases were divided into 3 age groups and 37 cases(57%) were under 10 day-old age. 2) Indicatians for operation of congenital anomalies were, in order of frequency, GI tract anomalies(62%), head and neck(15%) and abdominal wall anomalies(14%). Among the GI tract anomalies, imperforated anus was 20%, congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 18% and congenital small bowel obstructoin anomaly 9%. 3) Of the total caaes, 86% (56 eases) had general anesthesia by means of endotracheal intubation with non-rebreathing system and 14% (9 cases) via mask with non-rebreathing system. 4) The primary agent of anesthetics were, in order of frequency, O2,-N2O-Halothane(60%), O2,-N2O(l8%) and O2,-Ether(7.7%). 5) The average amount of intravenous fluid administration was 30ml. 6) The average amount of blood loss and whole blood transfusion were 50 ml and 43 ml, respectively. 7) In birth order of 30 cases(46%) were first or second babies although authors couldn't be informed of the orders of siblings from medical records exactly. 3) Three cases had history of administration of sedatives or herb medicine or certain drugs for hepatic and renal diseases during their pregnancy. 9) Three cases(4. 6%) had associated anomalies, such as imperforated anus with vaginal cyst, imperforated anus with hydrocephalus and cleft lip or cleft palate with polydactylism.